Introduction -- PART I: Virtual Water and Water Footprint Accounting -- The Concepts of Virtual Water and Water Footprint -- Water Footprint Accounting Method -- PART II: Evaluation of Water Stresses Based on WFs -- Studies on the Evaluation of Water Footprints at Various Regional Scales -- Principal Water Stress Analysis Indexes and Approaches Based on WFs -- PART III: Study Cases: Water Stress Evaluation Under Multiple Regional Scales -- Study Cases: Water Stresses Evaluation at the Provincial Scale -the Zhejiang Province Case Study -- Study Case: Evaluation of Water Stresses at the River Basin Scale - the Haihe River Basin Case Study -- Case Study: Evaluation of Water Stresses at the City Scale -Dalian -- Comparisons of the Major Indexes on Water Stresses Analysis under Multiple Regional Scales -- PART IV: Water Footprint Accounting Application in Water Management Strategies -- Influencing Factors Analysis of Water Footprint Based on Extended STIRPAT Model -- Optimal Water Utilization and Allocation Strategy based on Water Footprint Accounting -- Conclusions. .