1 History of the Compartment Syndrome -- 2 Definition and pathomechanism of the Intracranial Compartment Syndrome -- 3 Diagnosis and treatment of the Intracranial Compartment Syndrome -- 4 Definition, pathomechanism of the Thoracic Compartment Syndrome -- 5 Diagnosis and treatment of the Thoracic Compartment Syndrome -- 6 Definition, pathomechanism of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome -- 7 Diagnosis and treatment of the Abdominal Compartment Syndrome -- 8 Definition, pathomechanism, diagnosis and therapy of the Extremities Compartment Syndrome -- 9 Polycompartment syndrome definition, pathomechanism, diagnosis and treatment -- 10 The relevance of the timing of surgical interventions in the different compartments -- 11 Compartment Syndrome associated with infection -- 12 Cardiac failure associated to the polycompartment syndrome -- 13 Liver failure associated to the polycompartment syndrome -- 14 Gastrointestinal failure associated to the polycompartment syndrome -- 15 Kidney failure associated to the polycompartment syndrome -- 16 Compartment syndrome in paediatric patients -- 17 Compartment syndrome in low resource settings -- 18 Short-term outcomes, what has changed during the last decades? -- 19 Long-term and functional outcomes -- 20 Future directions.