1. Theoretical Considerations -- I. Introduction -- II. Philosophical Issues and World Views -- III. General Theoretical Issues -- IV. Evolutionary Theory and the Theoretical Traditions of Social Development -- V. Theoretical Fragmentation or Integration? -- 2. Temperament and Personality Development -- I. Theories of Temperament -- II. Self-Regulation as Sensitivity to Rewards, with an Emphasis on the Positive Social Reward System: Evidence for a Third Personality Dimension -- III. Biological and Environmental Influences on Temperament -- IV. The Stability of Temperament -- V. Appendix -- 3. The Development of the Emotions -- I. Theories of Emotional Development -- II. Parent-Child Interaction as an Example of Emotional Processes in Development -- III. The Development of the Emotions -- 4. Social and Biological Events in Infancy and Their Relevance for Later Behavior -- I. Attachment in Evolutionary Perspective -- II. Aberrations in Attachment and Later Behavior -- 5. Parent-Child Relationships and the Transmission of Culture -- I. Global Parenting Styles -- II. The Family and the Socialization of Children in Evolutionary and Historical Perspective -- III. Centrifugal Tendencies within Families and Their Effects on Children -- IV. Affective Relationships within the Family and the Transmission of Culture -- V. General Effects of Decrements in Parental Investment and an Evolutionary Analysis of Parental Control -- VI. Appendix -- 6. Topics in the Development of Aggression, Peer Relations, and Sex Differences -- I. Issues in the Development of Aggression -- II. Issues in the Development of Peer Relations -- III. Sex Differences in Development -- 7. Moral and Altruistic Development I: The Roles of Cognition and Context -- I. The Cognitive-Developmental Approach to Moral Reasoning -- II. Rest's Component Model of Moral behavior -- III. A Review of the Literature on Moral Reasoning from the Perspective of Sociobiological Theory -- IV. Research on Norms Related to Altruism and Morality -- V. Reasoning about Altruistic Events -- VI. Summary and Conclusion -- 8. Moral and Altruistic Development II: The Importance of Socialization and Affect -- I. Descriptive Studies of Emotions and Their Role in Motivating Altruism -- II. Three Sociobiological Hypotheses -- III. Conclusion -- 9. Development in a Wider Context: Evolutionary Considerations -- I. Evolution and Ideology -- II. Socialization beyond the Family and Peer Systems -- III. Resource Availability as a Contextual Variable: Empirical Data -- IV. Conclusion and Integration -- References.