1. Theories of trait anxiety. Trait anxiety. Theories of H. J. Eysenck and Gray. Cognitive approaches. Eysenck's (1992) theory. Weinberger's repressor theory -- 2. A four-factor theory of anxiety. Schachter's two-factor theory. Cognitive appraisal. Four-factor theory of anxiety -- 3. A new theory of trait anxiety. Theoretical framework. Environmental threat. Behavioural anxiety. Long-term memory. Physiological anxiety. High-anxious and defensive high-anxious individuals. Issues relating to the new theory. Origins of high-anxious and repressor styles -- 4. Theoretical approaches to clinical anxiety. Beck's schema theory. Theoretical approaches -- 5. Clinical experimental evidence. Generalised anxiety disorder. Panic disorder. Social phobia. Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Specific phobia -- 6. Cognitive-behaviour therapy. Panic disorder. Obsessive-compulsive disorder. Social phobia. Specific phobia. Generalised anxiety disorder.