This book compiles a series of landmark discussions on the recent advances in plant nuclear biology research, and offers new perspectives into the functional relevance of the arrangement of genomes and nuclear processes that impact plant physiology and development. The work provides insight as to how genes are switched on or off and are tuned to specific expression levels, which allow us to better predict plant phenotypes. Overall, a better understanding of the fundamentals of plant gene expression will aid in the more efficient design of numerous biotechnological applications and plant breeding programs. This new knowledge will provide a foundation for solving both agricultural and environmental problems as well as developing practices that enable global sustainability. Plant biology is also relevant to human biology, as several aspects of underlying mechanisms are conserved between both organisms. Understanding this shared biology will shed light on human diseases, and could lead to better therapies for cancer and genetic diseases.