A brief introduction to the history of pollution: from local to globl -- From Microbial Ecology to Microbial Ecotoxicology -- Inter-disciplinary in microbial ecotoxicology: Microbiology and Chemistry in the Environment: 2 symbiotic species in the same biotope -- Microbial responses to pollution - Ecotoxicology: Introducing the different biological levels -- Metabolic responses : Engineered nanoparticles in the environments: interactions with microbial systems and microbial activity -- Genetic adaptation : Marine Microbial Community Adaptation and Resiliency to Anthropogenic Stresses through Horizontal Gene Transfer -- Genetic adaptations of bacteria for metabolism of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons -- Microbial community response: Microbial community responses to contaminants and the use of molecular techniques -- Bacterial community response to hydrocarbon contamination in soils and marine sediments: a critical review of case studies -- Ecological indicators of ecosystem recovery : Microbial communities as ecological indicators of ecosystem recovery following chemical pollution -- Microbial Biomarkers -- Bacterial bioreporter applications in ecotoxicology: concepts and practical approach -- Microbial Biosensors for metal(loid)s -- Microbial Ecotoxicology: Looking to the Future.