1. Cosmic Plasma Fundamentals -- 1.1 Plasma -- 1.2 The Physical Sizes and Characteristics of Plasmas in the Universe -- 1.3 Regions of Applicability of Plasma Physics -- 1.4 Power Generation and Transmission -- 1.5 Electrical Discharges in Cosmic Plasma -- 1.6 Particle Acceleration in Cosmic Plasma -- 1.7 Plasma Pinches and Instabilities -- 1.8 Diagnosing Cosmic Plasmas -- 2. Birkeland Currents in Cosmic Plasma -- 2.1 History of Birkeland Currents -- 2.2 Field-Aligned Currents in Laboratory Plasma -- 2.3 Field-Aligned Currents in Astrophysical Plasmas -- 2.4 Basic Equations of Magnetohydrodynamics -- 2.5 The Generalized Bennett Relation -- 2.6 Application of the Carlqvist Relation -- 2.7 Basic Fluid and Beam Instabilities -- 2.8 Laboratory Simulation of Cosmic Plasma Processes -- 2.9 The Particle-in-Cell Simulation of Beams and Birkeland Currents -- 3. Biot-Savart Law in Cosmic Plasma -- 3.1 History of Magnetism -- 3.2 The Magnetic Interaction of Steady Line Currents -- 3.3 The Magnetic Induction Field -- 3.4 The Vector Potential -- 3.5 Quasi-Stationary Magnetic Fields -- 3.6 Inductance -- 3.7 Storage of Magnetic Energy -- 3.8 Forces as Derivatives of Coefficients of Inductance -- 3.9 Measurement of Magnetic Fields in Laboratory Plasmas -- 3.10 Particle-in-Cell Simulation of Interacting Curents -- 3.11 Magnetic Fields in Cosmic Dimensioned Plasma -- 4. Electric Fields in Cosmic Plasma -- 4.1 Electric Fields -- 4.2 Measurement of Electric Fields -- 4.3 Magnetic Field Aligned Electric Fields -- 4.4 Magnetospheric Electric Fields -- 4.5 Outstanding Questions -- 4.6 Phenomena Associated with Electric Fields -- 5. Double Layers in Astrophysics -- 5.1 General Description of Double Layers -- 5.2 The Time-Independent Double Layer -- 5.3 Particle-in-Cell Simulation of Double Layers -- 5.4 Double Layers in Current Filaments -- 5.5 Basic Properties of Double Layers -- 5.6 Examples of Cosmic Double Layers -- 6. Synchrotron Radiation -- 6.1 Theory of Radiation from an Accelerated Charge -- 6.2 Radiation of an Accelerated Electron in a Magnetic Field -- 6.3 Field Polarization -- 6.4 Radiation from an Ensemble of Electrons -- 6.5 Synchrotron Radiation from Z Pinches -- 6.6 Particle-in-Cell Simulation of Synchrotron Processes -- 6.7 Synchrotron Radiation from Cosmic Sources -- 7. Transport of Cosmic Radiation -- 7.1 Energy Transport in Plasma -- 7.2 Applications of Geometrical Optics -- 7.3 Black Body Radiation -- 7.4 The Source Function and Kirchoff's Law -- 7.5 Self Absorption by Plasma Filaments -- 7.6 Large-Scale, Random Magnetic Field Approximation -- 7.7 Anisotropic Distribution of Velocities -- 8. Particle-in-Cell Simulation of Cosmic Plasma -- 8.1 "In-Situ" Observation of Cosmic Plasmas via Computer Simulation -- 8.2 The History of Electromagnetic Particle-in-Cell Simulation -- 8.3 The Laws of Plasma Physics -- 8.4 Multidimensional Particle-in-Cell Simulation -- 8.5 Techniques for Solution -- 8.6 Issues in Simulating Cosmic Phenomena -- 8.7 Gravitation -- 8.8 Scaling Laws -- 8.9 Data Management -- 8.10 Further Developments in Plasma Simulation -- Appendix A. Transmission Line Fundamentals in Space and Cosmic Plasmas -- A.1 Transmission Lines -- A.2 Definition of the State of the Line at a Point -- A.3 Primary Parameters -- A.4 General Equations -- A.4.1 The General Case -- A.4.2 The Special Case of the Lossless Line -- A.5 Heaviside's Operational Calculus (The Lapace Transform) -- A.5.1 The Propagation Function -- A.5.2 Characteristic Impedance -- A.5.3 Reflection Coefficients -- A.6 Time-Domain Reflectometry -- Appendix B. Polarization of Electromagnetic Waves in Plasma -- Appendix C. Dusty and Grain Plasmas -- C.1 Dusty Plasma -- C.2 Grain Plasma -- Appendix D. Some Useful Units and Constants -- Appendix E. TRISTAN -- References.