1 Measuring Water Quality Benefits: An Introduction -- 1.1 Background -- 1.2 Regulation: An Overview -- 1.3 Objectives -- 1.4 Preview -- 1.5 References -- 2 The Conceptual Basis of Benefits Estimation -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 A Brief Review of the Conventional Theory of Benefits Measurement -- 2.3 The Treatment of Nonuse Values and Uncertainty in Benefit Analysis -- 2.4 Measuring the Benefits Associated with Changes in Environmental Amenities: An Overview -- 2.5 Benefit Measurement Approaches Considered in This Study -- 2.6 Summary -- 2.7 References -- Appendix: Analytical Background for Valuation Under Uncertainty -- 3 Survey Design -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Monongahela River Basin -- 3.3 Sampling Plan -- 3.4 Survey Plan -- 3.5 References -- Appendix: Interviewer Debriefing -- 4 Contingent Valuation Design and Results: Option Price and Use Values -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Design Issues and Contingent Valuation -- 4.3 Questionnaire Design -- 4.4 Profiles of Survey Respondents -- 4.5 Protest and Outlying Bids -- 4.6 Distribution of Option Price Responses -- 4.7 Mean Option Price Responses -- 4.8 Test Findings: Starting Point and Interviewer Biases -- 4.9 Use Value Results -- 4.10 Implications -- 4.11 References -- Appendix: Additional Empirical Results -- 5 Measuring Option Value -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Recent Estimates of Option Values -- 5.3 Measuring Option Value: Survey Design -- 5.4 Survey Results-Option Value -- 5.5 Summary -- 5.6 References -- 6 The Contingent Ranking Method and Benefit Estimation -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The Random Utility Model of Consumer Behavior with Discrete Choices -- 6.3 Estimation of Random Utility Models with Ordered Alternatives -- 6.4 Contingent Ranking and Valuing Public Goods -- 6.5 Applications of Contingent Ranking Method -- 6.6 Monongahela Contingent Ranking Experiment: Design and Estimates -- 6.7 Benefit Estimates with Contingent Ranking Models -- 6.8 Implications and Further Research -- 6.9 References -- 7 The Travel Cost Approach to Recreation Demand Modeling: An Introduction -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The Household Production Framework and Recreation Demand Models -- 7.3 The Opportunity Costs of Time -- 7.4 Measuring Site Usage -- 7.5 Heterogeneous Recreation Sites and Site Characteristics -- 7.6 Summary -- 7.7 References -- 8 Travel Cost Model: Data Sources and Variable Measures -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Sources of Data -- 8.3 Survey Issues -- 8.4 Data Character -- 8.5 Site Profile -- 8.6 Congestion at U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Sites -- 8.7 Water Quality -- 8.8 Users -- 8.9 Profile of Activities at the Corps Sites -- 8.10 Summary -- 8.11 References -- 9 Generalized Travel Cost Model -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Implementing the Generalized Travel Cost Model -- 9.3 Estimating the Generalized Travel Cost Model -- 9.4 Valuing Water Quality Changes -- 9.5 Summary -- 9.6 References -- 10 Comparing Direct and Indirect Benefit Estimation Approaches -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Past Comparisons of Benefit Estimation Approaches: A Review -- 10.3 A Comparison of the Generalized Travel Cost Model and Contingent Valuation -- 10.4 A Comparison of a Simple Travel Cost Model and Contingent Valuation -- 10.5 Comparisons of Benefit Estimation Approaches: Some Interpretations -- 10.6 References -- 11 Research Issues in Benefit Estimation -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Our Findings: A Perspective -- 11.3 Measuring Nonuse Values -- 11.4 Site Attributes and Recreation Demand -- 11.5 Contingent Valuation Versus Indirect Methods for Benefit Estimation -- 11.6 Benefits Transfer -- 11.7 Prognosis -- 11.8 References -- Appendix A: Survey Questionnaire as Administered During the Monongahela River Basin Survey.