1. The Puerto Ricans -- The Hispanic Population of the United States -- The Puerto Ricans in New York -- Aims and Scope of Study -- Data and Methodology -- Description of the Sample -- 2. Coming to the Mainland and the Acculturation Process -- From the Island to the Mainland -- The Acculturation Process -- Acculturation as a Factor in Substance Use -- The Measurement of Acculturation -- 3. Traditional Family Values -- Tradition and Traditionalism -- Puerto Rican Family Values -- The Measurement of Traditionalism -- Spiritual Influences -- 4. Substance Use Outcomes -- Alcohol as Beverage and Problem -- Explanations and Theories of Hispanic Alcohol Abuse -- Explanations and Theories of Hispanic Drug Abuse -- Alcohol and Drug Use Outcome Indicators -- Background Variables and Substance Use Outcomes -- 5. Drinking Attitudes and Beliefs -- Family Role Models -- Drinking Expectancies -- Rationales -- Alcoholism and Drunks -- The Search for Help -- 6. Impact of Acculturation and Traditionalism -- Acculturation, Traditionalism, and Outcomes -- 7. A Typology of Integration -- Creating a Typology of Integration -- The Simultaneous Effects of Acculturation and Traditionalism on Outcome Variables -- 8. Ethnotherapy Implications and Conclusions -- Goals of Ethnotherapy with Hispanics -- Techniques of Ethnotherapy -- Contextual Concepts -- References.