1 The Role of Prefrontal Cortex in Intracranial Self-Stimulation: A Case History of Anatomical Localization of Motivational Substrates -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Pathways of Intracranial Self-Stimulation: A Three-Step Procedure for Specification -- 3. Defining the Input and Output in ICSS -- 4. The Central Role of the Frontal Cortex in ICSS -- 5. Relation of Frontal Cortex to Brainstem Self-Stimulation -- 6. Summary -- 7. References -- 2 Neuropharmacology of Reward and Punishment -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Operant Reinforcement -- 3. Operant Punishment -- 4. References -- 3 The Psychopharmacology of Feeding -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Putative Neurotransmitters and Food Intake -- 3. Anorectic Drugs -- 4. Orectic Drugs -- 5. References -- 4 The Neuroanatomy and Neuropharmacology of Drinking -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Thirst Receptors -- 3. The Neuroanatomy of Thirst -- 4. The Neuropharmacology of Thirst -- 5. Defense of Body Fluids -- 6. References -- 5 Pharmacological and Hormonal Control of Reproductive behavior -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Ontogeny of Sexual Behavior -- 3. Sexual Behavior in the Adult Subject -- 4. Parental Behavior -- 5. General Conclusions -- 6. References -- 6 Neuropharmacology of the Sleep-Waking Cycle -- 1. Introduction -- 2. The Sleep-Waking Cycle in the Cat -- 3. An Outline of Recent Theories of Sleep Mechanisms -- 4. 5-Hydroxytryptamine and the Sleep-Waking Cycle -- 5. Catecholamines and the Sleep-Waking Cycle -- 6. Acetylcholine and the Sleep-Waking Cycle -- 7. Pharmacological Alterations of PGO Activity -- 8. Short-Chain Fatty Acids and the Sleep-Waking Cycle -- 9. Antidepressant and Neuroleptic Drugs -- 10. Hypnotics and Tranquilizing Drugs -- 11. Hormones and the Sleep-Waking Cycle -- 12. Drugs Acting on Protein Synthesis and the Sleep-Waking Cycle -- 13. Miscellaneous Compounds -- 14. Conclusions -- 15. References -- 7 Drug-Induced Motor behavior -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Locomotor Activity -- 3. Stereotyped Behavior -- 4. Rotational Behavior -- 5. References -- 8 Brain Dopamine Systems and behavior -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Studies of the Dopamine Pathways and Behavior -- 3. Classical Studies of Striatal Function -- 4. A Synthesis of the Role of DA in the Nigrostriatal Tract -- 5. An Overview of Striatal Function -- 6. References -- 9 Stimulus Selection and Behavioral Inhibition -- 1. Varieties of Behavioral Inhibition -- 2. Hypotheses about Neural Mechanisms for Behavioral Inhibition -- 3. Psychopharmacology of Behavioral Inhibition -- 4. Neurochemical Substrates for the Increases in Responding by Amphetamine, Cholinolytics, and Benzodiazepines -- 5. Mechanisms of Behavioral Inhibition -- 6. Conclusions -- 7. References -- 10 Drug Effects on Fear and Frustration: Possible Limbic Site of Action of Minor Tranquilizers -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Learning Theory Background -- 3. The Effects of the Barbiturates on Emotional Behavior -- 4. The Behavioral Inhibition System -- 5. The Effects of Ethanol on Emotional Behavior -- 6. The Effects of the Benzodiazepines on Emotional Behavior -- 7. The Behavioral Effects of the Minor Tranquilizers: An Overview -- 8. The Mode of Action of the Minor Tranquilizers in the Central Nervous System: A Hypothesis -- 9. Conclusions -- 10. References -- 11 Modulation of Learning and Memory: Effects of Drugs Influencing Neurotransmitters -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Acetylcholine -- 3. Catecholamines -- 4. ECS, Protein-Synthesis Inhibition, and CA -- 5. Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) -- 6. Neurotransmitter Interactions -- 7. Conclusions -- 8. References.