Part 1 Introduction -- 1 The Knowledge-Implementation Gap in Conservation Science -- Part 2 The Knowledge Production Or Co-Production -- 2 Biodiversity Monitoring and the Role of Scientists in the 21st Century -- 3 Closing the Conservation Genetics Gap: Integrating Genetic Knowledge in Conservation Management to Ensure Evolutionary Potential -- 4 Publicly generated data: the role of Citizen-Science for knowledge production, action, and public engagement -- 5 Global Overview of Indigenous Ecological Knowledge and Implementation in National Conservation Agendas -- Part 3 The Knowledge Mediation Sphere -- 6 The Knowledge Network: Identifying Actors and Structural Dimensions of Knowledge Transfer -- 7 Communication: The bridge between knowledge and implementation -- 8 Making an impact: how to design relevant and usable decision support systems for conservation -- Part 4 The Knowledge-Action Outcome(s) -- 9 The use of boundary-spanning organizations to bridge the knowledge-action gap in North America -- 10 Progress and gaps in biodiversity data mainstreaming and knowledge transfer for conservation in South America -- 11 Conservation Science in Africa: Mainstreaming Biodiversity Information into Policy and Decision-making -- 12 The Marine Conservation Landscape in Europe: Knowledge Support to Policy Implementation and Conservation Action -- 13 Translating research into wildlife conservation actions through multi-sector collaboration in tropical Asia -- 14 Environmental knowledge exchange in Australia and Oceania: how researchers and practitioners are working together to bring change -- Part 5 Synthesis -- 15 Closing the gap between knowledge and implementation in conservation science: concluding remarks.