This book is based on the principles, limitations, challenges, improvements and applications of nanotechnology in medical science as described in the literature. It highlights various parameters affecting the synthesis of bio-nanomaterials and exclusive techniques utilized for characterizing the nanostructures for their potential use in biomedical and environmental applications. Moreover, biodegradable synthesis of nanomaterials is regarded as an important tool to reduce the destructive effects associated with the traditional methods of synthesis for nanostructures commonly utilized in laboratory and industry and as well as academic scale of innovative research foundation. Presents novel mechanisms and applications of bio-nanomaterials, industrialization efforts and academic research avenues; Examines spectroscopic characterization, novel techniques for the modulation of sensor; Provides a complete characterization of different kinds of the synthesized nanomaterials by using bio-analytical process; Investigates the biological, biomedical, agricultural and industrial applications of the synthesized nanomaterials; Presents a critical analysis of challenges and opportunities in Nano/biotechnology application by diversities of metallic nanoparticles.