Soft X-Ray Spectroscopy of Astrophysical Plasmas (Steven M. Kahn): Classical and Quantum Radiation Theory -- The Structure of Multi-Electron Atoms -- Electron-Ion Collisional Processes -- Discrete Line Diagnostics -- Concluding Remarks -- Instruments for Nuclear Astrophysics (Peter von Ballmoos): Introduction -- Interaction of High-Energy Photons with Matter -- Detectors -- The Instruments for Nuclear Astronomy -- Hard X-Ray and Gamma Ray Spectroscopy (Rashid Sunyaev and Sergey Sazonov): Fundamentals of Compton Scattering -- Comptonization in Infinite Homogeneous Media -- Comptonization in Bounded Plasma Clouds -- Interaction of X-Rays with Partially Ionized Media -- 6.4-keV Fluorescent Emission from Molecular Clouds in the Galactic Center -- X-Ray Emission from Supernova 1987A -- Accretion onto Black Holes and Neutron Stars.