This volume is devoted to applications of the techniques of statistical physics to the characterization and modeling of complex networks. The first two parts of the book concern theory and modeling of networks, while the last two parts survey applications to a wide variety of natural and artificial networks. The tutorial reviews that comprise this book are intended for students and newcomers to the field, and they also constitute a modern and comprehensive reference for experts. To this aim, all contributions have been carefully peer-reviewed not only for scientific content but also for self-consistency and readability.