The Logic of Scientific Knowledge -- Levels of Knowledge and Stages in the Process of Knowledge -- I. Differences Between the Problems, 'Sensation-Thought' and 'Empirical-Theoretical' -- II. Basis of the Division of the Sentences of the Language of Science into Levels -- III. The Semantic System: Admissible Objects of Thought and Modes of Expression -- IV. Empirical and Theoretical Objects of Science -- V. Sentences Which Express Facts and Sentences Which Formulate Laws -- VI. Stages in the Process of Knowledge -- VII. Types of Explanation of Empirical Connections -- VIII. Stages in the Process of Knowledge, II -- Problems of the Logical-Methodological Analysis of Relations Between the Theoretical and Empirical Planes of Scientific Knowledge -- I. The Traditional Inductivist Approach to the Problem of the Relations Between Theoretical and Empirical Knowledge and its Limitations -- II. Critique of the Neopositivist Approach to the Analysis of the Relations Between the Theoretical and Empirical Levels of Scientific Knowledge -- III. Contemporary Logic of Science on the Relations Between Theoretical and Empirical Knowledge: The Connection of the Theoretical and Empirical Levels of Knowledge in the Structure of Hypothetical-Deductive Theory -- IV. Contemporary Logic of Science on the Relations Between Empirical and Theoretical Knowledge: The Problem of the Establishment of Logical Correspondence Between Theoretical and Empirical Knowledge -- Logical and Physical Implication -- The Deductive Method as a Problem of the Logic of Science -- I. Introduction -- II. Deduction and Deductive Inference -- III. Deductive System and Deductive Theory -- IV. Types of Deductive Systems -- V. Problems of the Logical-Epistemological Analysis of the Deductive Sphere of Knowledge -- Probability Logic and its Role in Scientific Research -- I. Introduction -- II. Systems of Probability Logic -- III. Probability Logic and Statistical Inference -- IV. Probability Logic and the Problem of the Selection of Hypotheses -- V. Probability Logic and the Problem of Confirmation of Hypotheses -- The Basic Forms and Rules of Inference by Analogy -- I. The General Schema of Inferences by Analogy -- II. Traditional Analogy -- III. Causal and Substantial Analogy -- IV. Analogy of Consequence -- IV. Analogy of Correlation -- VI. Functional-Structural and Structural-Functional Analogy -- On the Types of Definition and Their Importance for Science -- I. Preliminary Remarks -- II. Types of Definition -- III. The Problem of Definitions in Formal Systems -- IV. On the Importance of Definitions in Science -- Idealization as a Method of Scientific Knowledge -- I. The Abstraction of Identity -- II. Idealization -- III. Some Methodological Considerations -- The Statistical Interpretation of Fact and the Role of Statistical Methods in the Structure of Empirical Knowledge -- I. The Nature of Empirical Knowledge and the Principle of Verification -- II. The Statistical Nature of the Object and the Structure of the Construction of Empirical Knowledge -- Index of Names.