Introduction -- Factors influencing livestock productivity -- Heat stress impact on livestock production -- Walking stress influence on livestock production -- Environmental stresses and livestock reproduction -- Concept of multiple stresses and its significance on livestock productivity -- Ameliorative measures to counteract environmental stresses -- Nutritional manipulations to optimize productivity during environmental stresses in livestock -- Role of pineal gland in relieving environmental stress -- Basic principles involved in adaption of livestock to climate change -- Neuroendocrine regulations of adaptive mechanisms in livestock --  Molecular mechanisms of livestock adaptation -- Genetic adaptability of livestock to environmental stresses -- Genes involved in the thermal tolerance of livestock -- Impact of climate change on livestock production -- Global climate changes: Enteric methane reduction strategies in livestock --  Conclusions and Researchable Priorities.