Summary -- Introduction -- 1.1. Decline of the biodiversity in agro ecosystems in the last decades (Morelli, Tryjanowski) -- 1.2. Differences between Western and Eastern Europe agriculture - the role of history (Tryjanowski) -- 1.3. Conservation tools -- 1.4. A systematic literature review of HNV farmland and requirements for future researches: there is a long way ahead (Benedetti) -- 1.5. The HNV as support for biodiversity (Morelli) -- 2. Methodology and tools for study and monitoring HNV.-2.1. Identifying HNV areas using Geographic Information Systems - GIS -- 2.2. Suitable frameworks to monitoring the HNV farmland using bird species.-2.3. Different ways to study the biodiversity: from species richness to the role of species in the community and functional diversity approach (Morelli) .-2.4. The concept of bioindicators (focal species, umbrella species, etc.) (Morelli) .-2.5. Species Distribution Models develop and assessment (Morelli) -- 3. Case studies -- 3.1. Case study in farmlands from Central Italy (Morelli, Jerzak, Tryjanowski -- 3.2. Case study in Montado system from Portugal (Catarino, Godinho, Pereira, Luís, Rabaça) -- 4. Discussion and final considerations -- 4.1. Models issues and limitations (the alternative of multi-model inference (MMI) approach when working on models with many covariates, etc.) (Morelli, Tryjanowski) -- 4.2. Transferability or adaptability of models? (Morelli, Tryjanowski) -- 4.3. Potentialities related to the use of few common species as indicators for monitoring programs: citizen science approach (Benedetti) -- 4.4. Conservation guidelines and final suggestions (Tryjanowski, Morelli). .