FOREWORD, Kathleen Fisher -- PREFACE , David F. Treagust and Chi-Yan Tsui -- Introduction to Multiple Representations: Their Importance in Biology and Biological Education, Chi-Yan Tsui and David F. Treagust -- PART I : Role of Multiple Representations in Learning Biology -- Chapter 1 Identifying and Developing Students' Ability to Reason with Concepts and Representations in Biology, Trevor R. Anderson, Konrad J. Schönborn, Lynn du Plessis, Abindra S. Gupthar, and Tracy L. Hull -- Chapter 2 Pictures in Biology Education, Wolff-Michael Roth and Lilian Pozzer-Ardenghi -- Chapter 3 Possible Constraints of Visualization in Biology: Challenges in Learning with Multiple Representations, Billie Eilam -- Chapter 4 Promoting the Collaborative Use of Cognitive and Metacognitive Skills through Conceptual Representations in Hypermedia, Lei Liu and Cindy E. Hmelo-Silver -- Chapter 5 Learning and Teaching Biotechnological Methods Using Animations, Hagit Yarden and Anat Yarden -- PART II: Implications for Biology Teaching and Teacher Education with Multiple Representations -- Chapter 6 Experts' Views on Translation across Multiple External Representations in Acquiring Biological Knowledge about Ecology, Genetics, and Evolution, Konrad J. Schönborn and Susanne Bögeholz -- Chapter 7 Evolution is a Model, Why Not Teach It That Way?, Paul Horwitz -- Chapter 8 Multiple Representations of Human Genetics in Biology Textbooks, Pierre Clément and Jérémy Castéra -- Chapter 9 Deconstructing and Decoding Complex Process Diagrams in University Biology, Phyllis B. Griffard -- Chapter 10 Learning Tree Thinking: Developing a New Framework of Representational Competence, Kristy L. Halverson and Patricia Friedrichsen -- Chapter 11 Understanding Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration: Encouraging a View of Biological Nested Systems, Reneé Schwartz and Mary Brown -- Chapter 12 Scientific Models in the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Research and in the Biology Curriculum, Siu Ling Wong, Maurice M. W. Cheng, and Valerie W -- Y. Yip -- PART III Assessment of Learning and Teaching with Multiple  Representations -- Chapter 13 Supporting and Assessing Complex Biology Learning with Computer-based Simulations and Representations, Barbara C. Buckley -- Chapter 14 Secondary Students' Understanding of Genetics Using BioLogica: Two Case Studies, Chi-Yan Tsui and David F. Treagust -- Chapter 15 The Hidden Hand that Shapes Conceptual Understanding:  Choosing Effective Representations for Teaching Cell Division and Climate Change, Kai Niebert, Tanja Riemeier, and Harald Gropengiesser -- Chapter 16 Analogy and Gesture for Mental Visualization of DNA Structure, Anveshna Srivastava and Jayashree Ramadas -- Chapter 17   Multiple Representations in Modeling Strategies for the Development of Systems Thinking in Biology Education, Roald Verhoeff, Kerst Boersma, and Arend Jan Waarlo -- Conclusion: Contributions of Multiple Representations to Biological Education, David F. Treagust and Chi-Yan Tsui.