I: Forms and Structures -- 1.1. Normal and Peculiar Galaxies -- 1.2. Classification of Normal Galaxies -- 1.3. Apparent and True Flattening of Galaxies -- 1.4. Other Classifications Systems -- 1.5. Classification of Peculiar Galaxies -- II: Normal Galaxies -- II.1. Contents -- II.1.1. Photometric Properties -- II.1.2. Stellar Content -- II.1.3. The Interstellar Medium in Galaxies -- II.1.4. Subsystems -- II.2. Motions and Masses -- II.2.1. Kinematics -- II.2.2. Masses of Galaxies -- II.2.3. Mass-Luminosity Ratios -- II.3.2. Evolution of Galactic Content -- III: Active Galaxies -- III.1. Classification -- III.2. Intergalactic H II Regions (IG H II) -- III.3. Galaxies with Nuclear Emission (neG) -- III.4. Irr II Galaxies -- III.5. Seyfert Galaxies (SyG) -- III.5.1. Spectrum of Emission -- III.5.2. Continuum Spectrum -- III.5.3. Variability -- III.5.4. Radioemission -- III.5.5. Correlations -- III.6. Strong Radio Galaxies (SRG) -- III.6.1. Radio Structures -- III.6.2. Spectrum of Radio Frequencies -- III.6.3. Time Scale -- III.6.4. Compact Sources -- III.6.5. Optical Forms Associated with SRG's -- III.6.6. Optical Spectra -- III.6.7. Energetics of SRG's -- III.7. N Galaxies -- III.8. Quasi Stellar Objects (QSO) -- III.8.1. Continuum Spectrum -- III.8.2. Line Spectrum -- III.8.3. BL Lacertae Objects -- III.8.4. Redshifts and Nature of the QSO's -- III.9. Activity in Compact Objects -- III.9.1. Excitation Mechanism -- III.9.2. The Source of Energy -- IV: Galaxies and their Environment -- IV.1. Tidal Interactions -- IV.1.2. Non-tidal Interactions -- IV.2. Agregates of Galaxies -- IV.2.1. Pairs and Multiplets -- IV.2.2. Groups of Galaxies -- IV.2.3. Clusters -- IV.2.4. Second Order Clustering -- IV.2.5. Clustering -- IV.3. Mean Mass Density of Matter in the Universe -- V: Measuring the Universe -- V.1. Distance Indicators -- V.1.1. Primary Distance Indicators -- V.1.2. Other Photometric Indicators -- V.1.3. Geometric Indicators -- V.1.4. Other Indicators -- V.2. The Scale of Distances -- V.2.1. The Hubble Flow -- V.2.2. The Quest for H0 -- V.3. Far Away and Long Ago -- V.3.1. TheRedshift -- V.3.2. The Hubble Law -- VI: Cosmology -- VI.1. Basic Assumptions -- VI.2. Explosive Cosmologies -- VI.3. Thermal Evolution of the Universe -- VI.4. Primaeval Nucleosynthesis -- VI.5. The Background Radiation -- VI.6. Observational Cosmology -- VI.6.1. Observable Parameters -- VI.6.2. Fitting the Model to the Universe -- VI.6.3. Lifting the Restriction ? = 0 -- VII: Gravitational Instability and Galaxy Formation -- VII.1. Theory of Jeans' Wavelength and Mass -- VII.1.1. The Jeans Mass -- VII.2. Gravitational Instability in an Expanding Universe -- VII.2.1. The Era of Gravitational Instability -- VII.3. Protogalaxies -- VII.3.1. Non-linear Growth of a Density Perturbation -- VII.4. Galaxy Formation Through Dissipative Collapse -- VII.4.1. Stationary State out of Equilibrium -- VII.4.2. Hierarchy of Fragmentations -- VII.4.3. The End of the Hierarchy -- VII.4.4. Global Dynamics -- VII.4.5. The Influence of Rotation -- VI.5. Dissipationless Collapse -- VIII: Notes and Comments -- VII.1. Catalogs and Atlas of Galaxies -- VIII.2. Composite Spectra -- VIII.3. The H I Spectrum -- VIII.4. Determination of Rotation Curves -- VIII.5. Rotation Period of Central Regions in Galaxies -- VIII.6. Note for Section V.1.3.