A. Three Questions -- 1. What is the Scope of the Problem and Its Impact on Health and Social Systems? -- 2. Is "Treatment" the Right Way to Think about It? -- 3. Questioning the Effectiveness of Addiction Treatments: What is the Evidence? -- B. Intervening Through Health Care Systems -- 4. Intervening through Primary Health Care -- 5. Intervening through the Emergency Department and Trauma Center -- 6. Establishing and Maintaining Evidence-Based Treatment in Community Programs -- 7. Intervening through Pharmacy Services -- 8. The Case of Tobacco -- C. Intervening Through Mental Health Services -- 9. Interrelationship of Substance Abuse with Mental Health Problems -- 10. Integrating Substance Abuse and Mental Health Treatment: A Meta-Analytic Review -- D. Intervening Through Social Systems -- 11. Interrelationship of Substance Abuse and Social Problems -- 12. Intervening through the Social Welfare System: A Proposed Contingency Management Program with Implications for Workfare Planning -- 13. Intervening through the School System -- 14. Substance Abuse Treatment and Corrections -- 15. Missing Work: The Decline in Infrastructure and Support for Workplace Alcohol Intervention in the United States, with Implications for Developments in Other Nations -- 16. Intervening through Social Support Networks -- 17. Substance Abuse among Displaced and Indigenous Peoples -- E. Conclusions -- 18. Integrated Care: The Need for Evidence-Based Policy, Prevention, and Treatment.