1. Introduction -- 2. The Discovery of the Masses -- A New Human Dimension: The Crowd -- How a Science Discovers Its Facts -- The Riddle of Crowd Formation -- A Science of the Irrational -- Crowds are the Unconscious -- Natural Crowds and Artificial Crowds -- 3. Models of Suggestive Influence and the Disqualification of the Social Crowd -- The Political and Intellectual Climate of Fin-de-Siècle Paris -- Disqualification and Revolution: The Perspective of the Crowd Psychologies -- From Medical to Psychiatric Praxis-From Animal Magnetism to Suggestive Influence -- Hypnosis Versus Suggestion-The Nancy/Salpêtrière Debate -- Binet at the Salpêtrière-Dogmatic Experimentation -- The Pervasiveness of the Hypnosis/Suggestion Model at the End of the 19th Century -- From Theories of Magnetism to Political Ideology -- From Suggestive Influence to Crowd Psychology -- Binet at the Crossroads of the Social Psychology of Interpersonal Influence -- Conclusion -- 4. Freud and Massenpsychologie -- 5. Mass Psychology, Social Psychology, and the Politics of Mussolini -- Brief Presentations -- Mussolini and the Three Authors -- Le Bon, Orano, and Sorel and the Sociopsychological Study of Mussolini's Rise and Fall -- 6. The Social Psychology of William McDougall -- McDougall's Two Volume Social Psychology -- Reaction to McDougall's Social Psychology -- Postscript -- 7. The Individualization of the Social and the Desocialization of the Individual: Floyd H. Allport's Contribution to Social Psychology -- Social Psychology as Individual Psychology -- The Individual Psychology of Crowds and Groups -- The Individualization of Social Psychology: An Evaluation in Retrospect -- 8. Conceptions of Crowds and Crowding -- Everyday Experiences of Crowds and Crowding -- The Unrelatedness of Crowds and Crowding in Scientific Research and Discourse -- Crowd Psychology -- Crowding Phenomena and Research on Crowding -- The Janus-Faced Problem of Crowd and Crowding -- 9. Collective Behavior from the 17th to the 20th Century: Change of Phenomena, Change of Perception or No Change at All? Some Preliminary Reflections -- A Paradigm Change in Perception -- From "Revolts" to "Revolution": The Continental World -- The Natural Law of Mass Action: The Anglo-Saxon World -- The Rebellious Subjects: Germany -- A Paradigm Change in Interpretation of Motivation: From Passions to Interests (17th-18th Centuries) -- A Paradigm Change in Perceiving the "Laboring Poor" in England: From Low to High Wages as Incentive for Work -- The Laborer as "Working Animal" and the "Unpredictable Natural Forces" of Working Class Action: The German Kaiserreich -- Class Interests and Perception -- 10. Masses-From an Idealistic to a Materialistic Point of View? Aspects of Marxian Theory of the Class -- Social Movement as a Dialectical Process -- The Conflict Between Bauer and Marx -- Mass and Class -- 11. Mass, Mobilization, and the State -- Individual Action and Collective Movement -- 12. The Social Organization of Early Human Groups -- 13. Crowd Mind and Behavior: Afterthoughts -- The Historical Versus Scientific Approach to Mass Phenomena -- Top-Down Versus Bottom-Up Conceptions of Mass Phenomena -- The Rationalist Versus Irrationalist Explanations of Crowd Phenomena -- Author Index.