1. Introduction -- 2. Addressing Human Response to War and Atrocity: Major Challenges in Research and Practices and the Limitations of Western Psychiatric Models -- 3. The Severity of the Trauma: Issues about Its Role in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder -- 4. A Cognitive Processing Formulation of Posttrauma Reactions -- 5. Beyond the "Victim": Secondary Traumatic Stress -- 6. The Deficiency of the Concept of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder When Dealing with Victims of Human Rights Violations -- 7. The Development of Treatment Approaches for Victims of Human Rights Violations in Chile -- 8. Cultural Analysis of Research Findings on the Political Instability in the Philippines -- 9. Psychotherapeutic Work with Refugees -- 10. The Prevalence, Trauma, and Sociocultural Causes of Incestuous Abuse of Females: A Human Rights Issue -- 11. What Went Wrong?: Diagnostic and Ethical Problems in Dealing with the Effects of Torture and Repression in South Africa -- 12. Health Problems in Areas Contaminated by the Chernobyl Disaster: Radiation, Traumatic Stress, or Chronic Stress? -- 13. When Political Reality Enters Therapy: Ethical Considerations in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder -- 14. Working through the Holocaust: Still a Task for Germany's Youth? -- 15. Primary Prevention of Traumatic Stress Caused by War -- 16. Epilogue -- About the Editors.