Cover; Title Page ; Copyright Page; Contents; Contributors; Chapter One -- Cytokinin Synthesis, Signaling, and Function-Advances and New Insights; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 1.1 History and Overview; 1.2 Elucidation of Signal-Transduction Pathway; 2 From cytokinin production tosignaling response; 2.1 Cytokinins in Plants; 2.2 Cytokinin Synthesis; 2.3 Cytokinin Modification and Degradation; 2.4 Cytokinin Perception Pathway; 2.5 Ligand Meets Receptor: Cytokinin Transport; 3 Integration of cross-talk; 3.1 Auxin and Other Hormones; 3.2 Light; 3.3 Nitrate and Nitric Oxide

4 Cytokinin functions throughout development4.1 Male and Female Gametophyte Development; 4.2 Embryogenesis; 4.3 Vascular Development; 4.4 Cytokinin in Apical Meristems; 4.4.1 Root Apical Meristem; 4.4.2 Shoot Apical Meristem; 4.5 Lateral Root Development; 5 Concluding remarks and future challenges; Acknowledgments; References; Chapter Two -- Emergent Synapse Organizers: LAR-RPTPs and Their Companions; Abstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Extracellular Synaptic Adhesion and LAR-RPTPS; 2.1 Extracellular Ligands of LAR-RPTPs; 2.1.1 Netrin-G Ligand 3; 2.1.2 TrkC; 2.1.3 IL1RAPL1/IL1RAcp; 2.1.4 Slitrks

Chapter Three -- Engineering Human Microbiota: Influencing Cellular and Community Dynamics for Therapeutic ApplicationsAbstract; 1 Introduction; 2 Human Microbiome; 2.1 Gut Microbiome; 2.1.1 Developing Gut Microbiota; 2.1.2 Gut Dysbiosis; 2.1.3 Gut-Brain Axis; 2.1.4 Gut-Immune Axis; 2.2 Skin Microbiome; 2.3 Oral Microbiome; 2.4 Sinonasal Microbiome; 2.5 Lung Microbiome; 2.6 Vaginal Microbiome; 3 Indirect Means for Influencing Microbiota; 3.1 Diet; 3.2 Prebiotics; 3.3 Microbiome-Sparing Nanoscale Strategies; 3.4 Drug Metabolism; 4 Direct Means for Influencing Microbiota; 4.1 Synthetic Consortia

4.1.1 Metabolic Cross-Feeding4.1.2 Quorum Sensing; 4.1.3 Boolean Circuits; 4.2 Probiotics; 4.2.1 Dietary Probiotics; 4.2.2 Designer Probiotics; 4.2.3 Probiotics for Therapeutic Delivery; 4.2.4 Probiotics as Biosensors; 4.3 Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; 5 In Vitro Models; 6 Commercial, Regulatory, Legal, and Ethical Considerations; 6.1 Privacy and Nondiscrimination; 6.2 Regulation of Therapeutic Applications; 6.3 Commercializing Clinical Applications of the Microbiome; 7 Concluding Remarks; References

Chapter Four -- New Insights Into the Roleof RNA-Binding Proteins in the Regulation of Heart Development