Kernicterus is an excellent example of a metabolic encephalopathy. It clearly produces a biochemical lesion early when bilirubin first enters the brain. If initial staining can be minimized or reversed, permanent damage can be avoided. This takes strict attention to detail, and a keen ability for timely and accurate diagnosis. The potential for improvement/reversal argues strongly for increased awareness by all health care workers. Kernicterus will examine the history, biochemistry, physiology, neuropathology, etc., of bilirubin. New concepts of how bilirubin is toxic, and damages the acoustic system will be thoroughly examined. The promising new treatment possibility using gene therapy will be examined in detail. This therapy has been successfully used in the excellent animal model, the Gunn rat. Translation of these exciting results to newborn infants is well underway. About the Author: Dr. David W. McCandless is the John J. Sheinin Professor of Anatomy in the Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy at The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, IL, USA. He has over 35 years of laboratory research into basic mechanisms of various metabolic encephalopathies. He is the Founding Editor of the journal Metabolic Brain Disease (Springer), now in its 27th year. Dr. McCandless has been on the faculty or research staff at The University of Vermont College of Medicine, NIH-NINCDS, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, and The Chicago Medical School, and was a visiting professor at Washington University School of Medicine. Dr. McCandless has published in journals such as The J. Clinical Investigation, Nature, Proc. National Academy of Sciences, Amer. J. of Physiology, Brain Research, J. Neurochemistry, Teratology, Epilepsia, Stroke, and many others.