Part I. Theoretical Background -- Reflections on Model Organisms in Evolutionary Developmental Biology -- Hourglass or Twisted Ribbon? -- Ambulacrarians and the Ancestry of Deuterostome Nervous Systems -- Part II. New and Emerging Model Systems in Evo-Devo Research -- Oikopleura Dioica: An Emergent Chordate Model to Study the Impact of Gene Loss on the Evolution of the Mechanisms of Development -- Neuropeptides, Peptide Hormones, and Their Receptors of a Tunicate, Ciona Intestinalis -- Emergence of Embryo Shape during Cleavage Divisions -- Sex Determination, Sexual Development, and Sex Change in Slipper Snails -- The Cricket Gryllus Bimaculatus: Techniques for Quantitative and Functional Genetic Analyses of Cricket Biology -- The Rove Beetle Creophilus Maxillosus as a Model System to Study Asymmetric Division, Oocyte Specification, and the Germ-Somatic Cell Signaling -- Cell Biology of the Tardigrades - Current Knowledge and Perspectives -- Development of Xenoturbellida -- Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Hydra Regeneration -- Paramecium Biology -- Part III. Evo-Devo in Comparative Context -- Insights into Germline Development and Differentiation in Molluscs and Reptiles: The Use of Molecular Markers in the Study of Non-Model Animals -- Molecular Markers in the Study of Non-model Vertebrates: Their Significant Contributions to the Current Knowledge of Tetrapod Glial Cells and Fish Olfactory Neurons -- Embryogenesis of Marsupial Frogs (Hemiphractidae), and the Changes that Accompany Terrestrial Development in Frogs -- Evolution and Regulation of Limb Regeneration in Arthropods -- Viviparity in Two Closely Related Epizoic Dermapterans Relies on Disparate Modifications of Reproductive Systems and Embryogenesis -- Morphology of Ovaries and Oogenesis in Chelicerates -- Reproduction, Gonad Structure and Oogenesis in Tardigrades -- Architecture and Life History of Female Germ-Line Cysts in Clitellate Annelids.