I. Neuropathogenesis and Biomarkers -- New Potential Axes of HIV Neuropathogenesis with Relevance to Biomarkers and Treatment -- Neurocognitive Impairment and Associated Genetic Aspects in HIV Infection -- Inflammatory Mechanisms and Cascades Contributing to Neurocognitive Impairment in HIV/AIDS -- Neuroimaging Advances in Diagnosis and Differentiation of HIV, Comorbidities, and Aging in the cART Era -- II. Neurocognitive Impairments in Low-, Middle- and High-Income Countries - Incidence / Prevalence and Contexts -- Neurocognitive Complications of Pediatric HIV Infections -- Neurocognitive Complications of HIV Infection in Women: Insights from the WIHS Cohort -- Cultural Neuropsychology Considerations in the Diagnosis of HIV- Associated Neurocognitive Disorders -- Neurocognitive Complications of HIV Infection in Low-Income Countries -- Deep Phenotyping of HIV Neurocognitive Complications Among Individuals Residing in High-Income Countries -- Reliably Measuring Cognitive Change in the Era of Chronic HIV Infection and Chronic HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders -- III. Comorbidities and Complications -- Geriatric Syndromes in People Living with HIV Associated with Ageing and Increasing Comorbidities: Implications for Neurocognitive Complications of HIV Infection -- Conceptualizing and Assessing Everyday Functioning in the Context of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders -- Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Emotional Disturbances, and Their Associations with HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder -- Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease Impacts on the Pathophysiology and Phenotype of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders -- HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND): Relative Risk Factors -- IV. Screening, Interventions and Clinical Management -- Screening for HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders: Sensitivity and Specificity -- Behavioral and Physical Activity Interventions for HAND -- Targeting HIV-Related Neurocognitive Impairments with Cognitive Training Strategies: Insights from the Cognitive Aging Literature -- Clinical Treatment Options and Randomized Clinical Trials for Neurocognitive Complications of HIV Infection: Combination Antiretroviral Therapy, Central Nervous System Penetration Effectiveness, and Adjuvants.