Fueling Industrial Biotechnology Growth with Bioethanol -- Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Materials for Efficient Bioethanol Production -- Substrate Pretreatment: The Key to Effective Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosics? -- Progress and Challenges in Enzyme Development for Biomass Utilization -- Thermostable Enzymes in Lignocellulose Hydrolysis -- Metabolic Engineering for Pentose Utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Development of Efficient Xylose Fermentation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Xylose Isomerase as a Key Component -- Consolidated Bioprocessing for Bioethanol Production Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Development of Ethanologenic Bacteria -- Zymomonas mobilis for Fuel Ethanol and Higher Value Products -- Coproduction of Bioethanol with Other Biofuels -- Process Engineering Economics of Bioethanol Production -- Policy Options to Support Biofuel Production.