General Aspects -- Nanocrystals and Nanoparticles Versus Molecular Fluorescent Labels as Reporters for Bioanalysis and the Life Sciences: A Critical Comparison -- Optimization of the Coupling of Target Recognition and Signal Generation -- Collective Effects Influencing Fluorescence Emission -- Encapsulated Dyes and Supramolecular Constructions -- Fluorescent J-Aggregates and Their Biological Applications -- Conjugates, Complexes, and Interlocked Systems Based on Squaraines and Cyanines -- Dye Doped Nanoparticles and Dendrimers -- Dye-Doped Polymeric Particles for Sensing and Imaging -- Silica-Based Nanoparticles: Design and Properties -- Luminescent Dendrimers as Ligands and Sensors of Metal Ions -- Prospects for Organic Dye Nanoparticles -- Luminescent Metal Nanoclusters -- Few-Atom Silver Clusters as Fluorescent Reporters -- Luminescent Quantum Clusters of Gold as Bio-Labels -- Conjugated Polymers -- Structure, Emissive Properties, and Reporting Abilities of Conjugated Polymers -- Optical Reporting by Conjugated Polymers via Conformational Changes -- Fluorescence Reporting Based on FRET Between Conjugated Polyelectrolyte and Organic Dye for Biosensor Applications.