Basic Concepts for Plastic Response -- Material Plasticity -- Measurable Fundamental Entities -- Processing Features -- Molecular Structure Requirements -- Oil Derived Macromolecules -- Renewable Macromolecules -- Structure/ to Fundamental Properties -- Preparation of Macromolecules for Plastics -- From Oil to Macromolecules -- Polymerization Processes -- Processing to Materials -- The Obtainment of Bioplastics -- Biopolymers from Natural Sources -- Monomers from Nature -- Products Preparation -- Hybrid Materials and Systems -- Chemical Modification of Molecular Structure -- Blends and Composites -- Functional Materials -- Environmental Impact -- Materials from Oil and Nature -- Production Processes -- Consumer Use -- Disposal, Recycling, Biodegradation -- Response of Society and Market -- Availability of starting materials -- Ultimate Properties for Application -- Evaluation and Future.