The two-volume set LNCS 10671 and 10672 constitutes the thoroughly refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Computer Aided Systems Theory, EUROCAST 2017, held in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain, in February 2017. The 117 full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 160 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on: pioneers and landmarks in the development of information and communication technologies; systems theory, socio-economic systems and applications; theory and applications of metaheuristic algorithms; stochastic models and applications to natural, social and technical systems; model-based system design, verification and simulation; applications of signal processing technology; algebraic and combinatorial methods in signal and pattern analysis; computer vision, deep learning and applications; computer and systems based methods and electronics technologies in medicine; intelligent transportation systems and smart mobility.