Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery -- Technological Advances of Surgical Microscopes for Spine Surgery -- Spinal Microsurgery -- Microsurgical Instruments -- Operating Room Setup and Handling of Surgical Microscopes -- Computer-assisted Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery -- Technique of Transoral Odontoidectomy -- Microsurgical Treatment of Odontoid Fractures -- Microsurgery of the Cervical Spine: The Anterior Approach -- Anterior Cervical Foraminotomy (Microsurgical and Endoscopic) -- Functional Segmental Reconstruction with the Bryan Cervical Disc Prosthesis -- Microsurgical Total Cervical Disc Replacement -- Microsurgical Posterior Approaches to the Cervical Spine -- Microsurgical C1-2 Stabilization -- Microsurgical Anterior Approach to T5-10 (Mini-TTA) -- Microsurgical Anterior Approach to the Thoracolumbar Junction -- Anatomic Principles of Thoracoscopic Spine Surgery -- Principles of Endoscopic Techniques to the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine -- Biomechanical Requirements in Minimally Invasive Spinal Fracture Treatment -- Thoracoscopic Approaches in Spinal Deformities and Trauma -- Thoracoscopic Techniques in Spinal Deformity -- Mini-open Endoscopic Excision of Hemivertebrae -- Thoracoscopically Assisted Anterior Approach to Thoracolumbar Fractures -- A Minimally Invasive Open Approach for Reconstruction of the Anterior Column of the Thoracic and Lumbar Spine -- Percutaneous Vertebroplasty in Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures -- Microsurgical Open Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty -- Percutaneous Kyphoplasty in Traumatic Fractures -- Interventional and Semi-invasive Procedures for Low Back Pain and Disc Herniation -- Intradiscal Electrothermal Therapy -- Microtherapy in Low Back Pain -- Principles of Microsurgical Discectomy in Lumbar Disc Herniations -- The Microsurgical Interlaminar, Paramedian Approach -- The Translaminar Approach -- The Lateral, Extraforaminal Approach -- Transforaminal Endoscopic Discectomy -- Microscopically Assisted Percutaneous Technique as a Minimally Invasive Approach to the Posterior Spine -- Arthroscopic and Endoscopic Spine Surgery via a Posterolateral Approach -- The Full-endoscopic Interlaminar Approach for Lumbar Disc Herniations -- Outpatient Microsurgical Lumbar Discectomy and Microdecompression Laminoplasty -- Nucleus Reconstruction by Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation -- Autologous Disc Chondrocyte Transplantation -- The ALPA Approach for Minimally Invasive Nucleus Pulposus Replacement -- Mini-open Midline Accesses for Lumbar Total Disc Replacement -- Microsurgical Decompression of Acquired (Degenerative) Central and Lateral Spinal Canal Stenosis -- Microsurgical Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (Mini-ALIF): The Lateral Retroperitoneal Approach to L2/3, L3/4, and L4/5 -- Microsurgical Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (Mini-ALIF): The Transperitoneal Approach to L5/S1 -- Minimally Invasive 360° Lumbar Fusion -- The Anterior Extraperitoneal Video-assisted Approach to the Lumbar Spine -- Minimally Invasive Dynamic Stabilization of the Lumbar Motion Segment with an Interspinous Implant -- Technical and Anatomical Considerations for the Placement of a Posterior Interspinous Stabilizer -- Elastic Microsurgical Stabilization with a Posterior Shock Absorber.