Anatomy/Epidemiology -- Vaginal Anatomy for the Pelvic Surgeon -- Epidemiology of Incontinence and Prolapse -- Evaluation -- Urinary Incontinence -- Prolapse -- Fecal Incontinence -- Neurophysiologic Testing -- Outcome Measures for Assessing Efficacy of Incontinence Procedures -- Surgery for Urinary Incontinence -- Transvaginal Surgery for Stress Urinary Incontinence Owing to Urethral Hypermobility -- Stress Urinary Incontinence Secondary to Intrinsic Sphincteric Deficiency -- The Mid-Urethral Tapes -- Surgery for Prolapse -- Anterior Compartment -- Uterine and Vaginal Vault Prolapse -- Enterocele and Rectocele/Perineorrhaphy -- Surgery for Fecal Incontinence -- Surgery for Fecal Incontinence -- Vaginal Approach to Abdominal or Vaginal Surgery Failures: Now What? -- The Vaginal Approach After Failed Previous Surgery -- Vaginal Approach to Postsurgical Bladder Outlet Obstruction -- Vaginal Approach to Recurrent Pelvic Prolapse -- Intraoperative Complications of Vaginal Surgery -- Other Reconstructive Vaginal Procedures -- Vesicovaginal and Urethrovaginal Fistulas -- Urethral Diverticula and Other Periurethral Masses -- Bladder Neck Closure.