Reflections on the Birth and on the Concept of Laparoscopic Surgery -- Epidemiology of Biliary Lithiasis -- Pathophysiology of Cholesterol Gallstone Disease -- Classification, Composition and Structure of Gallstones. Relevance of these Parameters for Clinical Presentation and Treatment -- Natural History of Biliary Lithiasis -- Preoperative Noninvasive Imaging -- Three-dimensional Imaging -- Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography and Endoscopic Ultrasound -- Pre- and Intra-operative Diagnostic Fibrocholangioscopy -- Intraoperative Cholangiography -- Laparoscopic Ultrasound during Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy -- Diagnostic Flow Charts for Biliary Lithiasis -- Medical Treatment of Gallstone Disease -- Surgical Treatment of Cholelithiasis: Exclusion Criteria -- Anesthesia in Biliary Lithiasis -- Cholecystectomy Techniques -- Robot-assisted Cholecystectomy -- Day Surgery Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy -- Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Cholecystitis -- Incidental Carcinoma of the Gallbladder -- Complications of Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy -- Clinical Pictures of Common Bile Duct Stones -- Synchronous Treatment of Common Bile Duct Stones by Laparotomy -- Cholecystocholedocholithiasis: Two-stage Treatment -- Synchronous Treatment of Common Bile Duct Stones by Laparoscopy -- Rendez-vous Technique -- Flow Chart for the Treatment of CBDS and Critical Comparison of Techniques -- Common Bile Duct Stones in Cholecystectomized Patients -- Acute Biliary Pancreatitis -- Incidence and Management of Mirizzi Syndrome -- Biliary Lithiasis in Children -- Biliary Lithiasis in Pregnancy -- Biliary Lithiasis and Obesity -- Biliary Lithiasis in Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux (Acid and Alkaline) -- Hepatic Cirrhosis and Biliary Stones -- Biliary Stones and Gastrectomy -- Biliary Ileus -- Clinical Pictures of Intrahepatic Lithiasis -- Treatment of Intrahepatic Lithiasis -- Extracorporeal Shock Wave Treatment of Gallbladder Stones -- Shock Wave for Main Bile Duct Stones -- Acute Gallstone Cholangitis: Clinical Pictures, Diagnosis and Treatment.