Introduction -- Different forms of tinnitus -- Hyperacusis and disorders of loudness perception -- Misophonia, phonophobia and "exploding head" syndrome -- Epidemiology of tinnitus in adults -- Epidemiology of Tinnitus in Children -- Genetic risk factors in chronic tinnitus -- Anatomy and physiology of the auditory system -- Interaction between somatosensory and auditory systems -- Pathology of the auditory system that can cause tinnitus -- The role of auditory deprivation -- The role of neural plasticity in tinnitus -- Neural Synchrony and Neural Plasticity in Tinnitus -- Similarities between tinnitus and pain -- Anatomy and physiology of pain -- Behavioral Animal Models of Tinnitus, Pharmacology, and Treatment -- Objective signs of tinnitus in humans -- Functional Neuroimaging -- Findings from Structural Neuroimaging -- A Global Brain Model of Tinnitus -- A heuristic Model of Tinnitus -- Methodology of clinical trials for tinnitus -- The otolaryngologist -- The Role of the Audiologist in Tinnitus Practice -- Tinnitus from the perspective of the psychologist -- The neurologist -- The Psychiatrist -- The neurosurgeon -- The dentist -- The Pharmacologist -- The neuroscientist -- The patient.Introduction -- Conductive and cochlear hearing loss -- Tinnitus and hearing loss -- Cochlear and non-cochlear age-related hearing loss and tinnitus -- Noise-Induced Hearing Loss: Implication for Tinnitus -- Tinnitus and Ménière's Disease -- Tinnitus and Vestibular Schwannoma: Overview and Clinical Correlations -- Microvascular compression of the vestibulocochlear nerve -- Causes of tinnitus: cerebrovascular diseases -- Complications to medical treatment -- Tinnitus caused and influenced by the somatosensory system -- Tinnitus and the masticatory system -- Introduction -- Algorithm for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of tinnitus -- History and Questionnaires -- Clinical otologic assessment -- Audiologic clinical assessment -- Clinical otoneurological examination -- Diagnosis of tinnitus: neurological examination -- Diagnosis of Somatosensory Tinnitus -- Differential diagnosis of temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscle disorders in patients with tinnitus -- Psychologic/Psychiatric Assessment -- Introduction -- Sudden Hearing Loss and Tinnitus -- Tinnitus and hyperacusis / phonophobia -- Clinical description of a different form of tinnitus: intermittent tinnitus -- Pulsatile tinnitus -- Ménière's disease and tinnitus -- Tinnitus with headache -- Tinnitus and psychiatric co-morbidity -- Tinnitus and depression -- Tinnitus and Anxiety -- Tinnitus and sleep -- Posttraumatic tinnitus -- Traumatic Brain Injury and Blast Exposures: Auditory and Vestibular Pathology -- Introduction -- The prevention of tinnitus and noise induced hearing loss -- Counseling and Psycho-education for Tinnitus Management -- Cognitive Behavioral Treatment (CBT) -- Auditory Training in Tinnitus -- Tinnitus Retraining Therapy -- Sound stimulation -- Rehabilitation of Tinnitus Patients using the Neuromonics Tinnitus Treatment -- Middle ear implantable devices in tinnitus treatment -- Cochlear Implants and tinnitus -- Pharmacological Approaches to Tinnitus -- The Endocannabinoid System In The Cochlear Nucleus And Its Implications For Tinnitus -- Treatment of Somatosensory Tinnitus -- Tinnitus treatment: botulinum toxin -- Introduction -- Surgical treatment: The ear -- Long Term Follow Up of Microvascular Decompression for Tinnitus -- Vestibular schwannoma -- Neuromodulation -- Neurobiofeedback -- Transcranial magnetic stimulation -- Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS): A new tool for the treatment of tinnitus? -- Auditory cortex stimulation for tinnitus -- Cutaneous stimulation -- Complementary tinnitus therapies -- Low-level laser therapy -- Similarities between treatments of tinnitus and central pain -- Treatment strategies of temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscle disorders in patients with tinnitus.