The role of disaster medicine is becoming more important as the frequency and severity of natural and technological disasters increase. The triple disaster that occurred in Fukushima on March 11, 2011 calls for innovation in the training of health care professionals, pre-hospital emergency care providers, and emergency personnel in the management of the medical consequences of radiation disasters. While many books are available on disaster medicine, none is specifically devoted to the role of physicians in the management of patients exposed to radiation leakage from a damaged nuclear power plant. Radiation Disaster Medicine aims to fill this void based on the response to the Fukushima nuclear accident. Each chapter addresses principles and practices of radiation medicine within the specific context of that accident. Topics covered include the role of physicians in radiation disasters, the concepts of external and internal exposure, prehospital and hospital response, disaster behavioral health, and radiation emergency response from the perspective of national and international institutions. Most of the contributors are active educators and researchers in radiation medicine with first-hand experience in dealing with prehospital triage and management of patients within secondary and tertiary care hospitals in Japan. It is hoped that this book will assist in attaining the ultimate goal of radiation disaster medicine: to help the patients.