Preface -- Part I: Current Status of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Research -- Physical Activity Levels and Physical Activity Recommendations in Japan -- Population Strategy for Physical Activity Promotion in the Community -- Promotion of Strength Training -- Does Newspaper Coverage Promote Cancer Prevention? -- Health Impact of Light -- Evaluation of Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior -- Sedentary Behaviour -- Prevalence, Trends, and Correlates of Sedentary Behavior -- Part II: Effects of Physical Activity, Exercise, and Fitness on the Human Organism -- Responses of the Autonomic Nervous and Endocrine Systems to Exercise -- Exercise Modes and Vascular Functions -- Exercise, Appetite Control, and Body Weight Regulation -- Exercise and Food Intake -- Role of Physical Exercise on Postprandial Blood Glucose Responses to Low-Carbohydrate/High-Fat Diet Intake -- Posttranslational Modification of Proteins -- Relationship of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Obesity Genes to Metabolic Syndrome in Adult Japanese Men -- Mechanisms Underlying the Suppression of Inflammatory Responses in Peritoneal Macrophages of Middle-aged Mice -- Effects of b2-Agonist Administration on Bacterial Phagocytosis by Splenic Macrophages in Mice -- Functional Roles of b2-Adrenergic Receptors in Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy and Atrophy -- Part III: Physical Activity, Exercise, Nutrition, Aging, and Health -- The Role of Exercise and Nutrition in Lifestyle-related Disease -- Vasopressin V1a receptor gene and voluntary exercise in humans and mice -- The Role of Physical Activity in the Prevention of Atherosclerosis -- Association Between Exercise and Diet on Maintaining Bone Health in Postmenopausal Women and Female Athletes -- Pain Management Among Elderly People with Knee Pain -- Effective Exercise Programs Among Frail Elderly People -- Rowing -- Influence of Aging on Postural Control in Terms of Sensory Movements.