Part I Biological background:  An evolutionary view of menopause -- Menopause: the concepts and the biological background -- Primary ovarian insufficiency -- Part II Impact of estrogen depletion on symptoms and quality of life: Clinical symptoms and quality of life (1) -- Clinical symptoms and quality of life (2) -- The genitourinary syndrome. Vaginal health and microbiota -- Part III: The impact of estrogen depletion on disease susceptibility: Osteoporosis -- Metabolic syndrome -- Other chronic noncommunicable diseases (Cognitive decline, cardiovascular disease, osteoarthritis) -- Part IV Management of menopause: Hormone therapy (I): estrogens and progestogens -- Hormone therapy (II): tibolone, the TSEC concept -- The impact of hormone therapy on the clinical features of menopause -- The impact of hormone therapy on health (Osteoporosis, cancer, cardiovascular disease, cognition) -- Pharmacological compounds other than hormones: which and when -- Alternative medicine -- Lifestyle: physical activity -- Lifestyle: nutrition -- Part V Menopause in the context of healthy ageing: Frailty and co-morbidities. Frailty in women -- Sarcopenia and dynapenia -- The health challenges at menopause and midlife: sustainability, ICT technology, patient empowerment.