Fixation of histology samples -- Processing of tissue -- Embedding of tissue -- Decalcification of bone -- Tissue microtomy -- Frozen section of tissue: technique and applications -- Staining principle and general procedure of stain -- Haematoxylin and eosin stain -- Special stains for protein, lipid, carbohydrate, nucleic acid and pigments -- Stains for the connective tissue -- Stains for the amyloid -- Stains for the microbial organisms -- Cytology sample: procurement, fixation and processing -- Routine staining in cytology laboratory -- Fine needle aspiration biopsy technique -- Immunochemistry in histology and cytology: principle, technique and applications -- Flow cytometry: principle, technique and applications -- Digital image analysis and virtual microscopy: principle, technique and applications -- Liquid based cytology and automated screening devices -- Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing: principle, technique and applications -- Fluorescent in situ hybridisation techniques: principle, technique and applications -- Tissue microarray: technique and applications -- Sanger sequencing and next generation gene sequencing: basic principles and applications -- Light microscope: optical components, principle and handling -- Fluorescence microscope and confocal microscopy: basic parts and principle -- Laboratory organization and quality control -- Laboratory safety: essential precautions.