Introduction: A New Disease? -- Section 1 Magnitude of the Problem from an Individual and Social Context -- The Dynamics of Diabetes Prevalence, Morbidity and Mortality -- Economic Costs, from Individuals to Health Systems: Evidence from a Middle Income Country -- The Ecological Approach to Self-Care in Diabetes -- Social Determinants of Health and Diabetes Outcomes -- Section 2 Diagnosis, Classifications and Mechanisms of Disease -- Definition, Diagnostic Criteria, Screening, Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes and Categories of Glucose Intolerance -- Pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes -- Pathophysiology of Type 2 Diabetes -- Genetic Determinants of Type 2 Diabetes -- Gene Expression Modifications in Type 2 Diabetes -- The Immune System and Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes -- Dysfunction and Death of Pancreatic Beta Cells in Type 2 Diabetes -- Obesity in the Pathophysiology of Diabetes -- Pathogenesis of Gestational Diabetes -- Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver in the Pathogenesis of Diabetes -- Section 3 Global Experiences in Diabetes Care -- Diabetes Management in Europe -- Diabetes Management in Asia -- Diabetes Management in the United States -- Diabetes Management in Africa -- Section 4 Basic Components of Management: Patient Centeredness, Evidence-Based Medicine and Outcomes. Challenges for Implementation -- The Patient-Centered Medical Home, Primary Care and Diabetes -- Outpatient Diabetes Management and the Chronic Care Model -- Clinical Practice Guidelines for Diabetes -- Quality of Diabetes Care: Measuring Clinical Impact, Cost Effectiveness and Patient Experience of Care -- Clinical Inertia in Diabetes: The Role of Physicians -- Patient Adherence in Diabetes: Challenges, Myths and Realities -- Section 5 Resources of Support for Persons with Diabetes -- Challenges and Opportunities in Diabetes Education -- Diabetes and Mental Health: From Distress to Depression -- Tools of Self-Care: Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose and Tele-health Resources -- Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Clinical Decision Making -- Diabetes and Lifestyle Medicine -- Evidence and Implementation of Nutrition Therapy in Persons with Diabetes -- Evidence and Implementation of Physical Activity and Exercise -- Section 6 Drug Therapy -- The "Old" Oral Antidiabetics -- Incretin Therapies: Current Use and Emerging Possibilities -- Sodium Glucose Transporter Inhibitors -- Insulin in Outpatient Diabetes Management -- Insulin Pump Therapy -- Section 7 Cardiovascular Risk Factors -- Diabetes and Hypertension -- Diabetes and Atherogenic Dyslipidemia -- Diabetes and Obesity -- Diabetes and Smoking -- Section 8 Acute Complications -- Hyperglycemic Crisis: Diabetic (ketoacidosis (DKA) -- Hypoglycemia: Diagnosis, Management and Prevention -- Inpatient Management of Diabetes and Hyperglycemia -- Diabetes and Infection -- Section 9 Chronic Complications -- Diabetes and Stroke: The Role of Glucose Regulation -- Diabetes and Peripheral Artery Disease -- Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms of Vascular Complications in Diabetes -- Ophthalmologic Eye Disease -- Diabetes and Oral Health -- Renal Disease in Diabetes -- Peripheral Diabetic Neuropathies -- Diabetic Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy -- Autonomic Visceral Neuropathy and Gastrointestinal Disorders -- Urologic Complications and Sexual Dysfunction -- Musculoskeletal Complications of Diabetes -- Diabetes and the Skin -- Foot Complications -- Diabetes and Cancer -- Section 10 Diabetes in Special Populations -- Children and Adolescents -- Pregnancy: Pregestational and Gestational Management -- The Elderly with Diabetes -- Section 11 Diabetes Prevention -- Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes: Evidence and Challenges -- Section 12 Novel Therapeutic Approaches: Evidence-Based and Others -- Insulin Pumps and Closed Loop Systems and the Artificial Pancreas -- Unproven Therapies for Diabetes.