Part 1 - Introduction -- Introduction to Human Factors in Surgery -- Part 2 - Human Factors -- Human Factors Principles for Surgery -- The Person: Individual and Team-Level Factors Contributing to Safe and Successful Surgery -- Safe and Effective use of Tools and Technology in the Operating Room -- Work System Tasks: Blending art and science -- Surgical Performance and the Working Environment -- Organizational Influences and Surgical System Safety -- Part 3 - Broad Surgical Considerations -- Human Factors in Perioperative Care -- Counting backwards: Tracing the effect of human factors in anesthesiology -- Human Factors in Military Surgery -- Addressing Work-System Challenges in Robotic or High-Technology Surgery -- Surgical Coaching: Improving team-based and system-level interventions -- Part 4 - Broad Surgical Considerations -- Human Factors Considerations in Cardiac Surgery -- Applying a human factors approach to improve patient care in colorectal surgery -- Identifying opportunities to improve processes in emergency general surgery -- Surgical Oncology and Human Factors -- Human Factors Research in Orthopedic Surgery -- Human Factors in Pediatric Surgery -- Plastics and Reconstruction: The Role of Human Factors -- Human Factors in Transplant Surgery -- Exploring human factors in Trauma -- Identifying opportunities to enhance thoracic surgery using human factors -- The Application of Human Factors Research to Improve Urological Care -- Vascular Surgery - Acute Aortic Catastrophes -- Part 5 - Conclusion -- Final Thoughts.