Introduction -- Thirty years of contrast enhanced breast MRI -- The mantra about low specificity breast MRI -- BRCA and other genes conferring hereditary breast cancer predisposition -- Screening mammography: One size fits all? -- MRI protocols for breast cancer screening -- Contrast materials for screening MRI and concerns about tissue deposition -- Applying MRI BI-RADS in a high-risk population -- CAD systems for breast MRI screening -- Phenotype presentation and radiogenomics of breast cancer with special focus on high-risk women -- The body of primary evidence about MRI for high risk screening: retrospective and prospective studies -- High-risk screening: MRI alone? -- Secondary evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses -- Radioprotection issues for women with hereditary predisposition for breast cancer -- Impact of MRI screening on high-risk patient outcome -- The special case of previous chest radiation therapy -- IT infrastructure for data managing in multicenter high-risk screening -- Guidelines and recommendations all over the world: agreements and differences -- Medical options: Pharmacopreventio- Surgical options: Prophylactic mastectomy and oophorectomy -- Psychosocial aspects of high-risk of breast cancer -- Calculating, using and improving individual breast cancer risk estimates -- MRI for screening women with a personal history of breast cancer -- Screening MRI for the intermediate risk: an open issue -- Looking at the future: Personalized breast cancer screening -- Acknowledgments. .