This book is eighth in the annual Persian Gulf series published by MEI@ND. It is a comprehensive analysis of India's bilateral relations with the nine countries in the Persian Gulf and the GCC and focuses on developments in 2019. It gives a comprehensive account of the internal political, economic and security situation in the Persian Gulf countries and India's strategic, political, economic and cultural engagements with the region. The book also offers policy recommendations based on the current state of affairs. P. R. Kumaraswamy teaches contemporary Middle East in Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi and is Honorary Director, Middle East Institute, New Delhi, India. In February 2010, he set up the virtual Middle East Institute, New Delhi and serves as its honorary director. He is the editor of Contemporary Review of the Middle East and the series editor of Persian Gulf: India's Relations with the Region. Md. Muddassir Quamar is Associate Fellow, Institute for Defense Studies & Analyses, New Delhi, India. Dr. Quamar was a visiting fellow in King Faisal Center for Research and Islamic Studies, Riyadh and serves as Associate Editor of Contemporary Review of the Middle East. Sameen Hameed is Assistant Professor in Middle Eastern Studies in Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. She has been a member of the MEA-constituted Select Group on Gulf and West Asia. She was also a member of the Indian team for 'India -GCC Strategic Partnership' project and the Indo-Saudi Dialogue. .