This book analyses changing views on bilingualism in Cognitive Psychology and explores their socio-cultural embeddedness. It offers a new, innovative perspective on the debate on possible cognitive (dis)advantages in bilinguals, arguing that it is biased by popular "language myths", which often manifest themselves in the form of metaphors. Since its beginnings, Cognitive Psychology has consistently modelled the coexistence between languages in the brain using metaphors of struggle, conflict and competition. However, an ideological shift from nationalist and monolingual ideologies to the celebration of bilingualism under multicultural and neoliberal ideologies in the course of the 20th century fostered opposing interpretations of language coexistence in the brain and its effects on bilinguals at different moments in time. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of Cognitive Psychology, Psycholinguistics, Multilingualism and Applied Linguistics, Cognitive and Computational Linguistics, and Critical Metaphor Analysis. Silke Jansen is Professor and Chair of Romance Philology (especially Linguistics) at Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany. She specializes in sociolinguistics, language contact, and linguistic ideologies, with a focus on Latin America and the Caribbean. Sonja Higuera del Moral is a PhD student at Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany. She is currently working on her PhD thesis on multilingual repertoires and language management skills of Hispanic migrants in Germany. Jessica Stefanie Barzen is a Research Assistant at Mannheim University, Germany. She graduated from Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg with a Doctor's degree in linguistics, focusing on language contact and multilingualism. She has engaged in international research, study, and instruction in the US, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Haiti. Pia Reimann graduated from Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany with a Master's degree in linguistics, focusing on language acquisition and multilingualism. As a visiting scholar at the Pennsylvania State University, USA, she gained further experience by studying experimental psycholinguistic approaches. Markus Opolka is a software developer and system administrator with more than 10 years of professional experience in open-source technology. He has studied Computational Linguistics and Romance Philology at Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany.