1 Introduction to the Edited Volume -- 2 Theoretical Reflections on Medical Devices and the Sociocultural Context in the Locale of Japan -- Section A: Experiences with Radiation -- 3 Knowledge and Culture Behind the Dosimetry System: Japanese Scientists, Radioactive Disasters, and the Technologies for Measuring Radioactivity in the 20th Century -- 4 Monitoring Disaster: 3.11, Radiation Measurement, and Public Health in Fukushima -- Section B: Patient Safety, End-of-life and High-tech Medicine -- 5 On the Japanese Controversy over a Standardised Brain-Death Diagnostic Procedure in the 1980s-1990s -- 6 Medical Technology, Terminal Care, and Criminal Law: Court Cases from Japan -- 7 The Role of Incident-Reporting Systems for Improving Patient Safety in Japanese Hospitals: A Comparative Perspective -- Section C: Innovation and Diffusion of Medical Devices -- 8 The Postwar Medtech Industry in Japan: A Business History Perspective -- 9 Close Collaboration between Medical Professionals and Engineers in Innovation in Medical Devices: The Liaising Platform "Commons for Medicine and Engineering Japan" -- Section D: Engineering and Evaluating Medical Technology -- 10 Empowering Patients in the Interactive Unity with Machines: A Study on Engineers and Engineering of the Robotic Rehabilitation System HAL (Hybrid Assistive Limb) -- 11 Innovative Technology, Clinical Trials, and Patients' Subjective Evaluation: The Case of the Cyborg-type Robot HAL and the Treatment of Functional Regeneration in Patients with Rare Incurable Neuromuscular Diseases in Japan -- 12 Conclusions on Socio-Technical Settings in Medical Contexts from the Locale of Japan.