1 Introduction -- 1.1 Motivations -- 1.2 Research Challenges -- 1.3 Research Questions -- 1.4 Major Contributions -- 1.5 Book Structure -- 2 Related Work -- 2.1 Business Process Monitoring -- 2.1.1 Process Monitoring Based on Sensor Data -- 2.1.2 Event Data Logging -- 2.1.3 Business Activity Monitoring -- 2.1.4 Conformance and Compliance Checking -- 2.2 Declarative Languages -- 2.2.1 Constraint-based Languages -- 2.2.2 Artifact-centric Languages -- 2.2.3 Case Management Languages -- 2.2.4 Imperative to Declarative Model Translators -- 2.3 The Internet of Things -- 2.3.1 Enabling technologies of the IoT -- 2.3.2 Ontologies for the IoT -- 2.3.3 Synergies between the IoT and BPM -- 3 Artifact-driven Process Monitoring Overview -- 3.1 Motivating Example -- 3.2 Introducing Artifact-driven Process Monitoring -- 3.3 Reference Architecture -- 3.4 Summary -- 4 E-GSM: an Artifact-centric Language for Process Monitoring -- 4.1 The Guard-Stage-Milestone Artifact-centric Language -- 4.2 Extending GSM -- 4.3 Assessing the severity of Constraints Violations -- 4.4 E-GSM Expressiveness -- 4.4.1 Activity Exclusion -- 4.4.2 Activity Overlap -- 4.4.3 Responded Existence -- 4.4.4 Constrained Iteration -- 4.5 Summary -- 5 A Method to Easily Configure the Monitoring Platform -- 5.1 Steps -- 5.1.1 Enriching the BPMN Process Model With Artifacts -- 5.1.2 Extracting the Artifact-oriented Process View -- 5.1.3 Generating the E-GSM Process Model -- 5.1.4 Generating the E-GSM Artifact Lifecycle Model -- 5.1.5 Generating the Artifact-to-object Mapping Criteria -- 5.2 Proof of Correctness -- 5.2.1 Trace Conformance -- 5.2.2 Execution Flow Alignment -- 5.2.3 Artifact Lifecycle Alignment -- 5.3 Summary -- 6 Assessing and Improving Process Monitorability -- 6.1 Formalizing the Capabilities of the Smart Objects -- 6.1.1 Smart Objects Ontology -- 6.1.2 State Detection Rules Ontology -- 6.2 Problem Setting -- 6.3 Process Monitorability Assessment -- 6.4 Process Monitorability Improvement -- 6.4.1 Process model improvement -- 6.4.2 State detection rules improvement -- 6.4.3 Infrastructure improvement -- 6.5 Summary -- 7 Implementing and Evaluating Artifact-driven Process Monitoring -- 7.1 SMARTifact: an Artifact-driven Monitoring Platform -- 7.2 Simulated Environment -- 7.3 Field Evaluation -- 7.4 Summary -- 8 Conclusions -- 8.1 Answers to the Research Questions -- 8.2 Achievements in Runtime Process Monitoring -- 8.3 Achievements in the Integration Among BPM and IoT -- 8.4 Current Limitations and Future Work -- A Criteria to Evaluate the Integration Among BPM and IoT -- A.1 Placing sensors in a process-oriented way (IC1) -- A.2 Monitoring manual activities (IC2) -- A.3 Connecting analytical processes with the IoT (IC3) -- A.4 Exploiting the IoT to do process correctness check (IC4) -- A.5 Dealing with unstructured environments (IC5) -- A.6 Managing the links between micro processes (IC6) -- A.7 Breaking down end-to-end processes (IC7) -- A.8 Detecting new processes from data (IC8) -- A.9 Specifying the autonomy level of smart objects (IC9) -- A.10 Specifying the socialroles of smart objects (IC10) -- A.11 Concretizing abstract process models (IC11) -- A.12 Dealing with new situations (IC12) -- A.13 Bridging the gap between process-based and event-based systems (IC13) -- A.14 Improving online conformance checking (IC14) -- A.15 Improving resource utilization optimization (IC15) -- A.16 Improving resource monitoring and quality of task execution (IC16) -- B BPMN to E-GSM Translation Proof of Correctness -- B.1 Process Model -- B.1.1 Data Component -- B.1.2 Blocks -- B.1.3 Process Model -- B.2 Trace Conformance -- B.3 Conformance Preservation of the Translation -- References.