Preface -- What changes has mathematics made to the Darwinian theory? by Warren J. Ewens -- The mathematics of Darwin's theory of evolution: 1859 and 150 years later by Peter Schuster -- Some Mathematical Models in Evolutionary Genetics by Reinhard Bürger -- Extinction, Persistence, and Evolution by Peter Jagers -- Group Theory in Homogeneous Populations (Rescuing Darwin from the mud) by Peter Taylor -- Evolutionary dynamics of collective action by Jorge M. Pacheco, Francisco C. Santos, Max O. Souza and Brian Skyrms -- On kin and group selection, and the haystack model by Vincent A. A. Jansen -- Population formulation of adaptative meso-evolution: theory and numerics by Sepideh Mirrahimi, Benoît Perthame, Emeric Bouin and Pierre Millien -- Random Modeling of Adaptive Dynamics and Evolutionary Branching by Sylvie Méléard -- Thoughts on the geometry of meso-evolution: collecting mathematical elements for a postmodern synthesis by J.A.J. (Hans) Metz -- When do optimisation arguments make evolutionary sense? by Mats Gyllenberg, J.A.J. (Hans) Metz and Robert Service -- Bibliography -- Index.