Introduction -- Traumatic Stress in Overview: Definition, Context Scope, Long-Term Outcomes -- Natural Disasters: On Wildfires and Long-term Recovery of Community-Residing Adults -- On Tornadoes: Storm Exposure, Coping Styles and Resilience -- When Multiple Disasters Strike: Louisiana Fishers in the Aftermath of Hurricanes and the British Petroleum Deep water Horizon Oil Spill -- The Great East Japan Earthquake: Tsunami and Nuclear -- Posttraumatic Stress in the Aftermath of Mass Shootings -- When Man Harms Man: The Interpersonal Ramifications of War Captivity -- Does Extreme Trauma Transfer? The Case of Three Generations of the Holocaust -- Physiological Consequences: Early Hardship and Health Across the Lifespan -- Severe Stress and Anxiety Disorders in Adolescence: The Long-Term Effects of Disasters -- Psychosocial Consequences: Appraisal, Adaptation and Bereavement after Trauma -- When Neighborhoods are Destroyed by Disaster: Relocate or Return and Rebuild -- Loss, Chaos, Survival and Despair: The Storm after the Storms -- Families and Faith-Based Communities after a Disaster: Successes and Failures in the Wakes of Hurricanes Katrina and Rita -- Trauma and Ambiguous Loss: The Lingering Presence of the Physically Absent -- Aging with Trauma across the Lifetime and Experiencing Trauma in Old Age: Vulnerability and Resilience Intertwined -- Lost Possible Selves and Personality Development -- Younger and Older Coastal Fishers: Losses and Resilience after Hurricane Katrina -- Trauma, Religion and Spirituality: Pathways to Healing -- Faith and Coping: Spiritual Beliefs and Religious Practices After Hurricanes Katrina and Rita -- On Seeing Silver Linings After Catastrophic Loss: Personal Growth, Positive Adaption, and Relationships that Matter -- On Bereavement and Grief: A Therapeutic Approach to Healing -- Triumph Over Tragedy: The Healing Power of Forgiveness.