Science and Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes
Başlık:
Science and Technology for Disposal of Radioactive Tank Wastes
ISBN:
9781489915436
Edition:
1st ed. 1998.
Yayın Bilgileri:
New York, NY : Springer US : Imprint: Springer, 1998.
Fiziksel Tanımlama:
XIV, 526 p. online resource.
Contents:
Disposal Strategies and Technology Needs -- Overview of U. S. Radioactive Tank Problem -- Science Needs for Tank Waste Remediation -- Tanks Focus Area: Technology Program to Meet DOE's Tank Waste Clean-up Needs -- Proposed INEEL Treatment Plan for Liquid Acidic Waste and Calcine -- DOE Regulatory Reform Initiative-Vitrified Mixed Waste -- Results of U. S./Russian Collaboration on High-Level Waste Tank Problems -- Characterization and Retrieval -- Comparisons of Historical Process Estimates with Tank Waste Assays -- A Risk and Outcome Based Strategy for Justifying Characterization to Resolve Tank Waste Safety Issues -- Technical Approach to Characterization of Residual Waste at Hanford Tank Sites in Support of Waste Retrieval and Tank Closure Alternatives -- Vadose Zone Characterization for High-Level Waste Tank Closure -- Qualification of Raman Analysis on Hanford Tank Waste -- Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry: Analysis of Hanford High-Level Waste Materials -- The Development of Physical Property Simulants for DOE Radioactive Tank Wastes -- Radioactive Slurry Transport Issues and Proposed Monitoring Equipment for the Hanford Site -- Tank Waste Pretreatment Processes -- Solids Control in Sludge Pretreatment -- Enhanced Sludge Washing for Pretreating Hanford Tank Sludges -- In-Tank Precipitation with Tetraphenylborate: Recent Process and Research Results. -- Combining Solvent Extraction Processes for Actinide and Fission Product Separations -- Demonstration of the TRUEX Process for the Treatment of Actual High-Activity Tank Waste at the INEEL Using Centrifugal Contactors -- Demonstration of the SREX Process for the Treatment of Actual High-Activity Tank Waste at the INEEL Using Centrifugal Contactors -- Development and Properties of Cesium Selective Crystalline Silicotitanate (CST) Ion Exchangers for Radioactive Waste Applications -- Evaluation of a Sodium Nonatitanate, Sodium Titanosilicate, and Pharmacosiderite-Type Ion Exchangers for Strontium Removal from DOE Waste and Hanford N-Springs Groundwater Simulants -- Technetium Oxidation State Adjustment for Hanford Waste Processing -- Tank Waste Immobilization Processes and Experience -- Startup of Savannah River's Defense Waste Processing Facility to Produce Radioactive Glass -- Grout and Vitrification Formula Development for Immobilization of Hazardous Radioactive Tank Sludges at ORNL -- Vitrification Pilot Plant Experiences at Fernald, Ohio -- Pilot-Scale Vitrification of Oak Ridge Central Neutralization Facility (CNF) and B&C Pond Sludges -- Immobilization of High-Level Radioactive Sludges in Iron Phosphate Glass -- Glass Chemistry Development Strategy for Hanford High-Level Waste (HLW) -- Performance Assessment Modeling for Savannah River Glass HLW Disposal in a Potential Repository at Yucca Mountain -- Source Term Analysis for Hanford Low-Activity Tank Waste Using the Storm Code: A Coupled Unsaturated Flow and Reactive Transport Model -- Process Control and Monitoring Technology -- Detecting 137Cs Breakthrough in an Ion Exchange Process -- Comparative Testing of Slurry Monitors -- An Ultrasonic Instrument for Measuring Density and Viscosity of Tank Waste -- High Performance Gamma Spectroscopy Measurements of Equipment Retrieved from Hanford High-Level Nuclear Waste Tanks -- High-Level Waste Characterization and Process Monitoring Technology Development Activities in Response to the DOE 2006 Plan -- Performance of NDA Techniques on a Vitrified Waste Form -- Slurry Ultrasonic Particle Size and Concentration Characterization -- On-line Sensor to Measure the Density of a Liquid or Slurry -- In-Situ Mineralization of Actinides for Groundwater Cleanup: Laboratory Demonstration with Soil from the Fernald Environmental Management Project -- Contributors.
Abstract:
Radioactive wastes resulting from over 40 years of production of nuclear weapons in the U. S. are currently stored in 273 underground tanks at the U. S. Department of Energy Hanford site, Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory, Oak Ridge Reservation, and Savannah River site. Combined, tanks at these sjtes contain approximately 94,000,000 gallons of waste in a variety of forms including liquid, concrete-like salt cake, and various sludges. More than 730,000,000 curies of several radioactive isotopes are present in the underground tanks. Certainly, one of the greatest challenges facing the U. S. Department of Energy is how to characterize, retrieve, treat, and immobilize the great variety of tank wastes in a safe, timely, and cost-effective manner. For several years now, the U. S. Department of Energy has initiated and sponsored scientific and engineering studies, tests, and demonstrations to develop the myriad of technologies required to dispose of the radioactive tank wastes. In recent times, much of the Department of Energy R&D activities concerning tank wastes have been closely coordinated and organized through the Tanks Focus Area (IF A); responsibility for technical operations of the TF A has been assigned to the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory.
Ek Kurum Yazarı:
Elektronik Erişim:
Full Text Available From Springer Nature Engineering Archive Packages
Dil:
English