1 Introduction to Programming -- 1.1 High-Level Programming Languages -- 1.2 History of C -- 1.3 ANSI Standard -- 1.4 Nature of C -- 2 Essentials -- 2.1 Program Development -- 2.2 Functions -- 2.3 Anatomy of a C Function -- 2.4 Formatting Source Files -- 2.5 The main() Function -- 2.6 The printf() Function -- 2.7 The scanf() Function -- 2.8 The Preprocessor -- Exercises -- 3 Scalar Data Types -- 3.1 Declarations -- 3.2 Different Types of Integers -- 3.3 Different Kinds of Integer Constants -- 3.4 Floating-Point Types -- 3.5 Initialization -- 3.6 Mixing Types -- 3.7 Explicit Conversions - Casts -- 3.8 Enumeration Types -- 3.9 The void Data Type -- 3.10 Typedefs -- 3.11 Finding the Address of an Object -- 3.12 Introduction to Pointers -- Exercises -- 4 Control Flow -- 4.1 Conditional Branching -- 4.2 The switch Statement -- 4.3 Looping -- 4.4 Nested Loops -- 4.5 A Simple Calculator Program -- 4.6 The break and continue Statements -- 4.7 The goto Statement -- 4.8 Infinite Loops -- Exercises -- 5 Operators and Expressions -- 5.1 Precedence and Associativity -- 5.2 Unary Plus and Minus Operators -- 5.3 Binary Arithmetic Operators -- 5.4 Arithmetic Assignment Operators -- 5.5 Increment and Decrement Operators -- 5.6 Comma Operator -- 5.7 Relational Operators -- 5.8 Logical Operators -- 5.9 Bit-Manipulation Operators -- 5.10 Bitwise Assignment Operators -- 5.11 Cast Operator -- 5.12 sizeof operator -- 5.13 Conditional Operator (? :) -- 5.14 Memory Operators -- Exercises -- 6 Arrays and Pointers -- 6.1 Declaring an Array -- 6.2 How Arrays Are Stored in Memory -- 6.3 Initializing Arrays -- 6.4 Array Example: Encryption and Decryption -- 6.5 Pointer Arithmetic -- 6.6 Passing Pointers as Function Arguments -- 6.7 Accessing Array Elements Through Pointers -- 6.8 Passing Arrays as Function Arguments -- 6.9 Sorting Algorithms -- 6.10 Strings -- 6.11 Multidimensional Arrays -- 6.12 Arrays of Pointers -- 6.13 Pointers to Pointers -- Exercises -- 7 Storage Classes -- 7.1 Fixed vs. Automatic Duration -- 7.2 Scope -- 7.3 Global Variables -- 7.4 The register Specifier -- 7.5 Summary of Storage Classes -- 7.6 Dynamic Memory Allocation -- Exercises -- 8 Structures and Unions -- 8.1 Structures -- 8.2 Linked Lists -- 8.3 Unions -- 8.4 enum Declarations -- Exercises -- 9 Functions -- 9.1 Passing Arguments -- 9.2 Declarations and Calls -- 9.3 Pointers to Functions -- 9.4 Recursion -- 9.5 The main() Function -- 9.6 Complex Declarations -- Exercises -- 10 The C Preprocessor -- 10.1 Macro Substitution -- 10.2 Conditional Compilation -- 10.3 Include Facility -- 10.4 Line Control -- Exercises -- 11 Input and Output -- 11.1 Streams -- 11.2 Buffering -- 11.3 The Header File -- 11.4 Error Handling -- 11.5 Opening and Closing a File -- 11.6 Reading and Writing Data -- 11.7 Selecting an I/O Method -- 11.8 Unbuffered I/O -- 11.9 Random Access -- Exercises -- 12 Software Engineering -- 12.1 Product Specification -- 12.2 Software Design -- 12.3 Project Management and Cost Estimation -- 12.4 Software Tools for Software Production -- 12.5 Debugging -- 12.6 Testing -- 12.7 Performance Analysis -- 12.8 Documentation -- Exercises -- Appendix A: The ANSI Runtime Library -- A.1 Function Names -- A.2 Header Files -- A.3 Synopses -- A.4 Functions vs. Macros -- A.5 Error Handling -- A.6 Diagnostics -- A.7 Character Handling -- A.8 Setting Locale Parameters -- A.9 Mathematics -- A.10 Nonlocal Jumps -- A.11 Signal Handling -- A.12 Variable Argument Lists -- A.13 I/O Functions -- A.14 General Utilities -- A.15 String-Handling Functions -- A.16 Multibyte Character Functions -- A.17 Date and Time Functions -- Appendix B: Syntax of ANSI C -- Appendix C: Implementation Limits -- C.1 Translation Limits -- C.2 Numerical Limits -- Appendix D: Differences Between the ANSI and K&R Standards -- D.1 Source Translation Differences -- D.2 Data Type Differences -- D.3 Statement Differences -- D.4 Expression Differences -- D.5 Storage Class and Initialization Differences -- D.6 Preprocessor Differences -- Appendix E: Reserved Names -- Appendix F: C Interpreter Listing -- Appendix G: ASCII Codes.