1 Introduction -- 1.1 Context -- 1.2 Audience -- 1.3 Structure -- 1.4 Applicable Systems -- 1.5 Integrity Levels -- 1.6 Typical Architectures -- 1.7 The Safety Lifecycle and the Safety Case -- 1.8 Testing Issues across the Development Lifecycle -- 1.9 Tool Support -- 1.10 Current Industrial Practice -- 1.11 The Significance Placed upon Testing by Standards and Guidelines -- 1.12 Guidance -- 2 Testing and the Safety Case -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Safety and Risk Assessment -- 2.3 Hazard Analysis -- 2.4 The System Safety Case -- 2.5 Lifecycle Issues -- 2.6 Guidance -- 3 Designing for Testability -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Architectural Considerations -- 3.3 PES Interface Considerations -- 3.4 Implementation Options and Testing Attributes -- 3.5 Software Features -- 3.6 Guidance -- 4 Testing of Timing Aspects -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Correctness of Timing Requirements -- 4.3 Scheduling Issues -- 4.4 Scheduling Strategies -- 4.5 Calculating Worst Case Execution Times -- 4.6 Guidance -- 5 The Test Environment -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Test Activities Related to the Development of a Safety Case -- 5.3 A Generic Test Toolset -- 5.4 Safety and Quality Requirements for Test Tools -- 5.5 Statemate -- 5.6 Requirements and Traceability Management (RTM) -- 5.7 AdaTEST -- 5.8 Integrated Tool Support -- 5.9 Tool Selection Criteria -- 5.10 Guidance -- 6 The Use of Simulators -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Types of Environment Simulators -- 6.3 Use of Software Environment Simulation in Testing Safety-Related Systems -- 6.4 Environment Simulation Accuracy and its Assessment Based on the Set Theory Model -- 6.5 Justification of Safety from Envirormient Simulation -- 6.6 Guidance -- 7 Test Adequacy -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 The Notion of Test Adequacy -- 7.3 The Role of Test Data Adequacy Criteria -- 7.4 Approaches to Measurement of Software Test Adequacy -- 7.5 The Use of Test Data Adequacy -- 7.6 Guidance -- 8 Statistical Software Testing -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Statistical Software Testing and Related Work -- 8.3 Test Adequacy and Statistical Software Testing -- 8.4 Environment Simulations in Dynamic Software Testing -- 8.5 Performing Statistical Software Testing -- 8.6 The Notion of Confidence in Statistical Software Testing -- 8.7 Criticisms of Statistical Software Testing -- 8.8 The Future of Statistical Software Testing -- 8.9 Guidance -- 9 Empirical Quantifiable Measures of Testing -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Test Cost Assessment -- 9.3 Test Regime Assessment -- 9.4 Discussion of Test Regime Assessment Model -- 9.5 Evidence to Support the Test Regime Assessment Model -- 9.6 Guidance -- References -- Appendix A Summary of Advice from the Standards.